Ultrasound probes, also called transducers, are devices that emit and receive high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal body structures. They come in various shapes and sizes, with common types including linear for superficial structures like thyroids and breasts, curvilinear (or convex) for deeper imaging like abdominal organs, and phased array for applications requiring a narrow field of view, such as cardiac imaging. The specific shape and design of the probe are optimized for different parts of the body and imaging needs.
ICE Magazine asked imaging leaders to share their insights regarding ultrasound probes and transducers. Participants are:
- AdventHealth Imaging Centers Clinical Director Cory Whitehouse and subject matter expert Allison Fritzinger;
- Madison and Guilford Radiology Manager Sarah Pucillo, RDMS (AB,BR) (RVT);
- Madisonhealth Lead Sonographer Eric Belk, RT (R)(MR) (CT), RDMS; and
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Technical Manager Kim Pongsatianwong, MBA, RDMS, RVT.
Q: How would you describe the current state of ultrasound probe and transducer technology in your department or facility? Have you noticed any major changes in recent years?
W&F: We have purchased new machines and probes with the latest technology with Philips.Â
Pucillo: Guilford and Madison Radiology (owned by RAM radiology) are fortunate enough to have newer ultrasound machines in both offices. Newer machines bring better technology in ultrasound probes with better resolution and image quality. In recent years image quality has of course improved, but probe weight and size have also improved. Probes on new machines are lighter and smaller than older versions, which also is better for ergonomics.
Belk: Our transducers are one generation behind due to limitations of our current ultrasound system. Some of the improvements are improved color Doppler, better penetration, improved near field resolution.
Pongsatianwong: Our facility is equipped with ultrasound systems from multiple vendors, and while we’re still a step behind, we’re actively working to close that gap. Over the past few years, we’ve committed to investing in upgrades and partnerships that keep our imaging capabilities aligned with evolving technology. This includes the integration of high-frequency linear transducers that provide improved resolution for superficial and small-parts imaging, as well as transducers that have microvascular imaging capabilities that enhance visualization of low-velocity blood flow in fine vascular structures. We have software updates that support 3D-like color renderings of blood flow to help in more complex vascular cases. We also purchased transvaginal probes with 3D capabilities that allow for automatic sweeps to decrease sonographer shoulder movements and increase image quality. Overall, the current state of our ultrasound probe and transducer technology is optimistically progressive. These recent upgrades, including lighter probes and better cable design coupled with better dynamic range and signal-noise performance, have significantly improved image quality, diagnostic capabilities and workflow efficiency.Â
Q: What are the most common issues or challenges your team encounters related to probe maintenance, performance or longevity?
W&F: If not properly maintained they can affect ultrasound image quality.Â
Pucillo: The most common issue we have seen is discolored probe cords – even with compatible cleaning solutions. Luckily this is only a cosmetic issue. We have also noticed that probes being smaller and more lightweight means when dropped they break. We have been lucky in that we have not had any major issues with probes for unexplained causes.
Belk: For proper cleaning techniques and supplies, we get different information from our application person than what the ultrasound system provides online.
Pongsatianwong: Our most common maintenance issue involves broken or damaged transducer crystals, typically as a result of regular wear and tear or occasional mishandling during daily use. Given that our department manages close to 200 ultrasound transducers – slightly more than half of which are located within the inpatient hospital – it can be challenging to maintain consistent quality control, timely repairs and accurate inventory tracking. We have implemented a structured quarterly QC program and enabled efficient processes between our clinical, physics and biomedical teams to ensure that all transducers are routinely tested for element integrity and image quality.
Q: How does your facility approach probe and transducer purchasing decisions, repairs and replacement cycles? Do you work with OEMs, third-party providers or a mix?
W&F: We work with third-party provider Intelas.
Pucillo: We use a mix. We are always looking for the best value for the best price.
Belk: We are a low-volume site which empowers the sonographers to look for wear on transducers or a decrease in transducer performance. When we see wear or loss of detail while scanning, we contact our ultrasound machine vendor to replace the transducer. We included in our service contract a provision for them to replace our transducers. As for new lines of service, we work with our providers and with our vendor to ensure we are getting the correct transducers to meet their needs. We only work with our ultrasound system manufacturer as we only have one machine and need it up and running quickly when it goes down.
Pongsatianwong: Our facility takes a structured and collaborative approach to ultrasound transducer purchasing, repair and replacement. Purchasing decisions are driven by clinical demand, image quality requirements and equipment compatibility across our existing ultrasound systems. We also consider factors such as transducer versatility, ergonomic design and cost efficiency. Input is gathered from sonographers and radiologists with considerations being given to referring clinicians and new emerging applications of ultrasound. For repairs and replacements, we primarily work with the original equipment manufacturers for warranty and specialized probes, particularly where proprietary technology is involved. A transducer is typically loaned for use while our original transducer is being repaired. Our replacement cycles are guided by both usage data and QC results. Probes are evaluated regularly for element dropout, cable damage and performance degradation. Devices that fail QC or are beyond economical repair are prioritized for replacement during the capital budget cycle. From a budgeting and approval standpoint, transducer purchases and major repairs are coordinated through our department’s operations committee and reviewed as part of the annual capital planning process. Routine or minor replacements may be approved at the departmental level, while larger acquisitions are submitted for capital budget approval.
Q: What steps do you take to ensure proper handling and care of probes to minimize damage and downtime? How important is user education in maintaining probe health?
W&F: Probe handling is held to a high standard. Our technologists are aware of the cost and sensitivity of the probes. They are educated on how to properly clean and store them.
Pucillo: Proper staff training is key to making sure we are appropriately handling the probes and their care. User education allows us to make sure we are not damaging this important medical equipment. We utilize training and reading materials from our companies such as Civco, Philips and GE.
Belk: We are lucky enough to have employees that understand that the equipment is very fragile. All of our ultrasound sonographers have been shown and demonstrated how to clean, care for, use and proper storage of transducers before they are allowed to perform studies on their own. As far as education to protect and maintain transducer health, we see this as extremely important.
Pongsatianwong: Technologist education on proper handling and cleaning of transducers is emphasized during onboarding and initial competency training to ensure best practices are followed consistently. Proper disinfection procedures, including using the appropriate manufacturer-approved disinfecting wipes is also a key point that is stressed to reduce damage to the transducer housing and cable. Each exam room is equipped with probe racks and transvaginal probe holder attachments to allow secure, convenient access and storage between patients. Less frequently used probes are stored in cushion-lined cabinets to prevent impact damage and reduce cable strain. Additionally, technologists are encouraged to report any probe performance concerns immediately so that issues can be addressed before they lead to failure or extended downtime.
Q: With growing focus on cost management, how do you balance budget constraints with the need for high-quality imaging equipment?
W&F: Maintain constant communication with financial leadership on needs, repairs and replacements so we can budget accordingly.Â
Pucillo: We view probes and high-quality imaging equipment as an investment. It is important to us to have high-quality imaging equipment, and know that having such allows us to have better exams, more accurate reads and thus happier patients.
Belk: Look for equipment that is sustainable in the future. Will have software updates that bring the newer technology to the equipment currently available. Looking for all-inclusive maintenance contracts
Pongsatianwong: We evaluate systems based on total cost of ownership, including factors such as reliability, service contracts, interoperability and expected lifespan. At the same time, we also consider a manufacturer’s future roadmap for anticipated release of new features that can elevate our department. To manage budgets effectively while staying technologically current, we increasingly look to partnership models with vendors that emphasize flexibility and life cycle management. These may include subscription- or service-based cost structures, trade-in programs, or bundled agreements that provide access to ongoing software updates and periodic hardware refreshes. This approach allows us to maintain cutting-edge imaging capability without the financial strain of repeated large capital purchases.
Q: What else would you like to share with ICE Magazine readers regarding probes and transducers?
W&F: Proper storage and upkeep are key. As well as technologist awareness of proper usage and maintenance.Â
Pucillo: We are excited to see what the future technology brings and are committed to continue to grow and advance our imaging equipment to provide the best care possible to our patients.
Belk: Most ultrasound sonographers understand how fragile the transducers face is. It is also important to teach that cable and pin systems are equally as fragile.
Pongsatianwong: Looking ahead, I think the most exciting part of probe and transducer development is how rapidly the technology is expanding the reach of ultrasound. We’re seeing smaller, smarter and more connected devices that can bring the same level of high-quality imaging. The pace of innovation means that partnering closely with vendors, sonographers and radiologists is more important than ever. As ultrasound applications continue to move into new clinical and procedural territories, transducer technology must continue to advance to keep pace with the growing demands of modern healthcare.
